Njengesixhobo esiqhelekileyo kwizonyango, i-multi-parameter guard monitor luhlobo lomqondiso webhayoloji wokufumanisa imeko yempilo kunye neye-pathological yezigulane ezigula kakhulu ixesha elide, nangokuhlalutya kunye nokucubungula ngexesha langempela nangokuzenzekelayo, ukuguqulwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo libe lulwazi olubonakalayo, i-alamu ezenzekelayo kunye nokurekhoda ngokuzenzekelayo iziganeko ezinokuba yingozi ebomini. Ukongeza ekulinganiseni nasekujongeni iiparameter ze-physiological zezigulane, inokujonga kwaye ijongane nemeko yezigulane ngaphambi nasemva konyango kunye notyando, ifumanise utshintsho kwimeko yezigulane ezigula kakhulu ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye ibonelele ngesiseko esisisiseko soogqirha sokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo nokwenza izicwangciso zonyango, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu ukufa kwezigulane ezigula kakhulu.
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, izinto zokubeka esweni zezigulane ezineeparameter ezininzi ziye zanda ukusuka kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi ukuya kwiinkqubo zokuphefumla, zemithambo-luvo, ze-metabolic kunye nezinye iinkqubo.Le modyuli ikwandiswa ukusuka kwi-ECG module (ECG) esetyenziswa rhoqo, i-respiratory module (RESP), i-blood oxygen saturation module (SpO2), i-noninvasive blood pressure module (NIBP) ukuya kwi-temperature module (TEMP), i-invasive blood pressure module (IBP), i-cardiac displacement module (CO), i-noninvasive continuous cardiac displacement module (ICG), kunye ne-end-breath carbon dioxide module (EtCO2) ), i-electroencephalogram module monitoring module (EEG), i-anesthesia gas module monitoring module (AG), i-transcutaneous gas monitoring module, i-anesthesia depth module (BIS), i-muscle relaxation module (NMT), i-hemodynamics module monitoring module (PiCCO), i-respiratory mechanics module.
Okulandelayo, iya kwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo aliqela ukwazisa isiseko se-physiological, umgaqo, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemodyuli nganye.Masiqale nge-electrocardiogram module (ECG).
1: Indlela yokuvelisa i-electrocardiogram
IiCardiomyocytes ezisasazeke kwi-sinus node, kwi-atrioventricular junction, kwi-atrioventricular tract kunye namasebe ayo zivelisa umsebenzi wombane ngexesha lokuvuthuza kwaye zivelisa amasimi ombane emzimbeni. Ukubeka i-electrode ye-metal probe kule ntsimi yombane (naphi na emzimbeni) kunokurekhoda umbane obuthathaka. Intsimi yombane iyatshintsha rhoqo njengoko ixesha lokushukuma litshintsha.
Ngenxa yeempawu ezahlukeneyo zombane zezicubu kunye namalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba, ii-electrode zokuhlola kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zirekhode utshintsho oluhlukeneyo olunokwenzeka kumjikelo ngamnye wentliziyo. Olu tshintsho luncinci olunokwenzeka luyandiswa kwaye lurekhodwe yi-electrocardiograph, kwaye ipateni ephumayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-electrocardiogram (ECG). I-electrocardiogram yendabuko irekhodwa ukusuka kumphezulu womzimba, ebizwa ngokuba yi-surface electrocardiogram.
2: Imbali yetekhnoloji ye-electrocardiogram
Ngo-1887, uWaller, uprofesa we-physiology kwiSibhedlele iMary's seRoyal Society of England, warekhoda ngempumelelo ityala lokuqala le-electrocardiogram yomntu nge-capillary electrometer, nangona kuphela amaza e-V1 kunye ne-V2 e-ventricle arekhodwe kumfanekiso, kwaye amaza e-atrial P awarekhodwanga. Kodwa umsebenzi omkhulu noneziqhamo kaWaller waphefumlela uWillem Einthoven, owayephakathi kwabaphulaphuli, waza wabeka isiseko sokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe be-electrocardiogram ekugqibeleni.
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Kwiminyaka eli-13 eyalandelayo, uEinthoven wazinikela ngokupheleleyo ekufundeni ii-electrocardiograms ezirekhodwe zii-capillary electrometers. Waphucula iindlela ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, esebenzisa ngempumelelo i-string galvanometer, i-body surface electrocardiogram erekhodwe kwifilimu ebona ukukhanya, wabhala i-electrocardiogram ebonisa i-atrial P wave, i-ventricular depolarization B, C kunye ne-repolarization D wave. Ngo-1903, ii-electrocardiograms zaqala ukusetyenziswa ngokwezonyango. Ngo-1906, uEinthoven wabhala ii-electrocardiograms ze-atrial fibrillation, i-atrial flutter kunye ne-ventricular premature beat ngokulandelelana. Ngo-1924, uEinthoven wanikwa iMbasa yeNobel kwiMedicine ngokuyila kwakhe ukurekhodwa kwe-electrocardiogram.
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3: Uphuhliso kunye nomgaqo wenkqubo ye-lead
Ngo-1906, u-Einthoven wacebisa ingcamango ye-bipolar limb lead. Emva kokudibanisa ii-electrodes zokurekhoda engalweni yasekunene, engalweni yasekhohlo nasemlenzeni wasekhohlo wezigulane ngababini, wayekwazi ukurekhoda i-bipolar limb lead electrocardiogram (i-lead I, i-lead II kunye ne-lead III) nge-amplitude ephezulu kunye nepatheni ezinzileyo. Ngo-1913, i-bipolar standard limb conduction electrocardiogram yaziswa ngokusesikweni, kwaye yasetyenziswa yodwa kangangeminyaka engama-20.
Ngo-1933, uWilson ekugqibeleni wagqiba i-unipolar lead electrocardiogram, eyamisela indawo ye-zero potential kunye ne-central electric terminal ngokwemithetho kaKirchhoff yangoku, yaza yaseka inkqubo ye-12-lead yenethiwekhi kaWilson.
Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo kaWilson ene-12-lead, i-electrocardiogram waveform amplitude ye-3 unipolar limb leads VL, VR kunye ne-VF iphantsi, nto leyo engelula ukuyilinganisa nokubona utshintsho. Ngo-1942, uGoldberger wenza uphando olongezelelekileyo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kubekho i-unipolar pressurized limb leads ezisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje: aVL, aVR, kunye ne-aVF leads.
Kule ndawo, kwaveliswa inkqubo eqhelekileyo ye-12-lead yokurekhoda i-ECG: ii-bipolar limb leads ezi-3 (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Einthoven, 1913), ii-unipolar breast leads ezi-6 (V1-V6, Wilson, 1933), kunye nee-unipolar compression limb leads ezi-3 (aVL, aVR, aVF, Goldberger, 1942).
4: Indlela yokufumana isignali ye-ECG elungileyo
1. Ukulungiswa kolusu. Ekubeni ulusu lungasebenzi kakuhle, unyango olufanelekileyo lolusu lwesigulana apho ii-electrode zibekwe khona luyimfuneko ukuze kufunyanwe imiqondiso yombane ye-ECG elungileyo. Khetha ezithe tyaba ezinemisipha embalwa.
Ulusu kufuneka luphathwe ngokwezi ndlela zilandelayo: ① Susa uboya bomzimba apho i-electrode ibekwe khona. Hlikihla ulusu kancinci apho i-electrode ibekwe khona ukuze ususe iiseli zolusu ezifileyo. ③ Hlamba ulusu kakuhle ngamanzi anesepha (ungasebenzisi i-ether kunye notywala obucocekileyo, kuba oku kuya kwandisa ukumelana kolusu). ④ Vumela ulusu lome ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokubeka i-electrode. ⑤ Faka ii-clamps okanye amaqhosha ngaphambi kokubeka ii-electrode kwisigulana.
2. Nika ingqalelo ekugcinweni kwentambo yokuhambisa umoya, thintela ukugoba nokubopha intambo yokuhambisa, thintela umaleko wokukhusela intambo yokuhambisa, kwaye ucoce ukungcola okukwikliphu yentsimbi yokuhambisa okanye i-buckle ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuthintela ukuxinana kwentsimbi yokuhambisa.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Oktobha-12-2023
